Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis): How It Works, Explained Simply

Video Transcript

Eczema, also called atopic dermatitis, is a common condition that leaves skin dry, itchy and inflamed. Healthy skin has a barrier at its surface that holds moisture in and keeps irritants out. In eczema that barrier does not work as well. Moisture escapes more easily, and irritants and allergens get in more easily. The immune system in the skin then overreacts to what gets through, producing inflammation, redness and swelling. That inflammation is what drives the intense itching. Scratching damages the barrier further, which lets more irritants in and causes more inflammation. This is the itch-scratch cycle. It often appears in the creases of the elbows and knees, and on the hands, face and neck, though it can affect anywhere. It commonly begins in childhood. Many children improve as they grow, but it can continue into adult life or return later. Care focuses on repairing the barrier with regular moisturiser, calming inflammation with prescribed treatment, and avoiding personal triggers. Eczema is not contagious. This video is for general education only. It is not medical advice. Ask your doctor what's right for you.